Adenomyosis occurs when endometrial tissue, which normally lines the inside of the uterus, invades the myometrium, the thick muscular layer of the uterine wall. On ultrasound, signs of adenomyosis include a bulky, asymmetric uterus with a heterogeneous myometrium, small cysts within the muscle wall, and poorly defined borders between the endometrium and myometrium. This condition most commonly affects women in their 30s and 40s and is a significant cause of heavy menstrual periods, severe cramping, and pelvic pain. Transvaginal ultrasound is the preferred initial imaging method for diagnosing adenomyosis, with MRI used for confirmation in uncertain cases.
Sonography Term