The cerebellum is a large structure located in the posterior fossa of the skull, beneath the cerebral hemispheres and behind the brainstem. It plays a crucial role in coordinating voluntary movements, maintaining balance, and refining motor skills. In prenatal ultrasound, the cerebellar diameter is measured as part of the standard fetal anatomy survey because its size correlates closely with gestational age and can help identify abnormalities like the Dandy-Walker malformation or cerebellar hypoplasia. In neonatal cranial ultrasound, the cerebellum is evaluated through the mastoid fontanelle for hemorrhage, particularly in premature infants, and for structural abnormalities.
Sonography Term