Hernia

A hernia occurs when an organ or tissue pushes through a weak point or opening in the surrounding muscle or connective tissue wall. Common types include inguinal hernias in the groin, umbilical hernias around the navel, and incisional hernias at surgical sites. Ultrasound is particularly useful for evaluating hernias because it provides real-time imaging that can demonstrate the hernia during dynamic maneuvers such as Valsalva straining, coughing, or standing. The sonographer can identify what is herniating, whether bowel, fat, or fluid, and assess whether the contents can be pushed back in or are trapped. Ultrasound is especially valuable for detecting small or occult hernias that are not obvious on physical examination.