A hydrocele is an accumulation of serous fluid between the layers of the tunica vaginalis, the membrane surrounding the testis. On ultrasound, a hydrocele appears as an anechoic fluid collection surrounding the testis, which is the hallmark finding that distinguishes it from other causes of scrotal swelling. In children, a communicating hydrocele connects with the peritoneal cavity through a patent processus vaginalis and may change in size throughout the day. In adults, hydroceles can be primary or secondary to conditions like epididymitis, testicular torsion, or testicular tumors. Ultrasound is essential not only for confirming the presence of a hydrocele but also for evaluating the underlying testis to rule out associated pathology.
Sonography Term