Neuroblastoma is a malignant tumor that arises from neural crest cells of the sympathetic nervous system, most commonly in the adrenal medulla but also in paraspinal sympathetic ganglia. It is the most common extracranial solid tumor in children. On ultrasound, neuroblastoma typically appears as a solid, heterogeneous mass in the suprarenal region or along the spine, which may demonstrate internal vascularity on color Doppler. The mass may contain calcifications, areas of hemorrhage, and necrosis. These tumors can be associated with elevated urinary catecholamines. While ultrasound can detect the primary tumor, CT and MRI provide better characterization and staging. Some neuroblastomas regress spontaneously, while others are highly aggressive and require chemotherapy and surgery.
Sonography Term