Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalances that can cause irregular menstrual periods, excess androgen (male hormone) levels, and polycystic ovarian morphology. On ultrasound, the classic appearance is an enlarged ovary containing 12 or more small follicles (typically 2 to 9 millimeters in diameter) arranged in a peripheral “string of pearls” pattern, and/or an ovarian volume exceeding 10 milliliters. These criteria, updated in recent guidelines, are one component of the diagnosis alongside clinical and laboratory findings. It is important to note that the sonographic appearance alone does not confirm PCOS — many women have polycystic-appearing ovaries without the syndrome. Ultrasound findings must be interpreted in the context of the full clinical picture.
Sonography Term