Venous insufficiency, also called chronic venous insufficiency, is a condition in which the valves in the leg veins do not function properly, allowing blood to flow backward (reflux) and pool in the lower extremities. This leads to symptoms including leg swelling, aching, skin changes, varicose veins, and in severe cases, venous ulcers. Duplex ultrasound is the standard diagnostic tool, evaluating both the deep and superficial venous systems for valve competence. The examination is performed with the patient standing or in a reverse Trendelenburg position, and reflux is provoked by calf compression and release or Valsalva maneuver. Reflux lasting longer than 0.5 seconds in the superficial veins or 1 second in the deep veins is considered pathological. The specific veins affected and the extent of reflux guide treatment planning.
Sonography Term