Hydronephrosis is dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces due to obstruction of urine outflow. Ultrasound is the primary imaging modality, graded by the Society for Fetal Urology (SFU) scale (grades 1–4) based on pelvic and calyceal dilation and parenchymal thickness. Common causes include ureteropelvic junction obstruction, ureterolithiasis, and posterior urethral valves in neonates.
ICD-10 Code: N13.30 | MeSH ID: D006869 | Primary Anatomy: Kidney
Key Reference: PubMed: PMID: 8255658
