Mesenteric ischemia is a life-threatening condition resulting from inadequate blood supply to the small intestine, most commonly involving the superior mesenteric artery (SMA). It is classified as acute (sudden occlusion from embolism or thrombosis) or chronic (gradual narrowing causing ‘intestinal angina’). Duplex ultrasound of the mesenteric vessels can assess SMA and celiac axis flow velocities, identifying stenosis or occlusion. Findings in established bowel ischemia include bowel wall thickening, absent peristalsis, and free peritoneal fluid. CT angiography remains the diagnostic standard for acute mesenteric ischemia, but duplex ultrasound serves a role in chronic mesenteric ischemia screening and follow-up of revascularization procedures.
Associated Anatomy: Superior Mesenteric Artery, Mesenteric Vessels
Signs & Symptoms: Severe abdominal pain out of proportion to examination, postprandial pain (chronic), nausea, weight loss
ICD-10: K55