Carotid plaque refers to the accumulation of atherosclerotic material on the inner walls of the carotid arteries. On ultrasound, plaque can be characterized by its composition and surface features, both of which affect stroke risk. Calcified plaque appears as a bright, shadowing structure, fibrous plaque is moderately echogenic and smooth, and soft or lipid-rich plaque is hypoechoic and potentially more dangerous because it is more likely to rupture and cause a blood clot. Sonographers document the location, extent, and characteristics of carotid plaque as part of every carotid duplex examination, providing essential information that helps clinicians decide whether a patient needs medical management, surgical intervention, or ongoing surveillance.
Sonography Term