Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynecological cancer, typically affecting postmenopausal women. On transvaginal ultrasound, the most important finding is an abnormally thickened endometrium, with a measurement greater than 4 to 5 millimeters in a postmenopausal woman with bleeding generally considered the threshold requiring further evaluation with biopsy. The endometrium may also appear heterogeneous, irregular, or contain fluid. While ultrasound cannot definitively diagnose cancer, it serves as an excellent screening tool that identifies women who need endometrial biopsy. In premenopausal women, ultrasound can also detect endometrial abnormalities, though the interpretation is more complex because the endometrium normally varies in thickness throughout the menstrual cycle.
Sonography Term