An endometrial polyp is a localized overgrowth of endometrial tissue that projects into the uterine cavity. Polyps are a common cause of abnormal uterine bleeding and can occur in both premenopausal and postmenopausal women. On transvaginal ultrasound, an endometrial polyp typically appears as a focal, hyperechoic thickening within the endometrium, sometimes with a feeding vessel visible on color Doppler. Saline infusion sonohysterography, a technique in which sterile saline is instilled into the uterine cavity during the ultrasound, dramatically improves the ability to visualize polyps by surrounding them with fluid. Most endometrial polyps are benign, but they are often removed because they cause symptoms and carry a small risk of harboring precancerous or cancerous changes.
Sonography Term