Neonatal head sonography uses the open anterior fontanelle as an acoustic window to image the developing neonatal brain. It is the screening and monitoring tool of choice in premature infants due to its portability, lack of radiation, and ability to perform examinations at the bedside in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).
Sonographers evaluate for germinal matrix and intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH), periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, corpus callosum abnormalities, and congenital brain malformations. Serial examinations track hemorrhage evolution and ventricular enlargement over time. Posterior and mastoid fontanelle views extend posterior fossa visualization.
Neonatal head sonography is covered under the ARDMS Neurosonology (NE) specialty within the RDMS credential. Sonographers in this subspecialty work in NICUs, pediatric hospitals, and high-risk obstetric centers. Strong interpersonal skills are essential given the emotional environment of caring for critically ill newborns and their families.