Archives: Glossary

A urologic emergency caused by twisting of the spermatic cord, diagnosed on Doppler ultrasound by absent testicular blood flow.

An abnormal connection between an artery and vein, recognized on Doppler by high-velocity low-resistance arterial flow and arterialized venous flow.

A contained rupture of an artery forming a pulsatile hematoma connected to the vessel lumen, showing characteristic to-and-fro Doppler flow.

Focal thickening of the arterial wall due to atherosclerosis, detected on carotid or peripheral vascular ultrasound.

A measurement of the combined thickness of the arterial intima and media layers on carotid ultrasound, used as a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis.

The graphical display of Doppler-detected blood flow velocities over time, showing systolic peaks, diastolic flow, and flow character.

The adjustable gate in pulsed wave Doppler that defines the location and size of the region from which velocity information is sampled.

The angle between the ultrasound beam and the direction of blood flow, which must be 60° or less for accurate velocity measurements.

Two opposite posterior acoustic artifacts used to characterize lesions: shadowing behind solid or calcified structures, enhancement behind fluid.

Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System — a standardized classification for breast ultrasound findings guiding management decisions.