The umbilical cord connects the fetus to the placenta and normally contains three vessels: two umbilical arteries and one umbilical vein, surrounded by Wharton’s jelly. A two-vessel cord (single umbilical artery) is associated with congenital anomalies and warrants detailed fetal anatomic survey. Color Doppler evaluation of the cord insertion site confirms normal attachment to the placenta and rules out velamentous insertion. Umbilical artery Doppler waveform analysis assesses fetal placental resistance and is used for monitoring fetal well-being in growth-restricted pregnancies.