Archives: Conditions

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is fetal weight below the 10th percentile. Ultrasound measures BPD, HC, AC, FL plus Doppler flow assessment.

Testicular torsion twists the spermatic cord and cuts blood flow. Color Doppler ultrasound shows absent or reversed flow; surgical emergency under 6h.

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) infects the upper genital tract. Ultrasound shows tubo-ovarian abscesses, dilated tubes, or pelvic free fluid.

Acute cholecystitis is gallbladder inflammation from a stone. Ultrasound shows wall thickening >3mm, pericholecystic fluid, sonographic Murphy sign.

Carotid plaque is atherosclerotic buildup in the carotid artery. Doppler ultrasound measures stenosis and plaque morphology; >70% guides intervention.

Hepatic steatosis (fatty liver) is fat in hepatocytes. Ultrasound shows increased echogenicity vs the renal cortex; MR PDFF quantifies fat fraction.

Placenta previa is placental tissue covering or near the cervix. Transvaginal ultrasound is most accurate; persistent previa requires cesarean.

Ovarian torsion twists the ovary on its pedicle, cutting flow. Ultrasound shows enlarged ovary, peripheral follicles, abnormal Doppler signal.

Portal hypertension is elevated pressure in the portal venous system. Ultrasound shows portal vein >13mm, splenomegaly, reversed or to-and-fro flow.

Hydronephrosis is dilation of the renal pelvis from urine outflow obstruction. Graded SFU 1–4 on ultrasound by pelvic and calyceal dilation severity.